Peas Production Plan By GROWTECH
Land preparation
To achieve a good yield of peas, it is essential to have fertile land with good water drainage, and the climate should be suitable. The field should be well-leveled to prevent waterlogging from irrigation or rainwater. About a month before planting, spread 10 to 12 tons of well-rotted manure per acre and irrigate the field. After irrigation, plow and level the land two to three times to make it soft and smooth.
Sowing Method
Early sown varieties are planted with spacing of 75cm on both sides of ridges. For planting, either seeds are sown by Kera method or seed is sown at a depth of 2 to 3cm with a spacing of 5-cm. Maintain 8-10cm plant-to-plant distance for late sown varieties.
Climate and Soil
Moderate water and climate conditions are suitable for the cultivation of peas, and a temperature range of 20 to 25°c is ideal for good seed germination. The northern and central regions of Punjab are well-suited for this crop.
Seed Rate
Use healthy seeds at the rate of 30-35 kilograms per acre for early sown varieties and 20-25 kilograms per acre for late varieties.
Sowing Time
The ideal time for early sown varieties is the last week of September or the first week of October. However, the time of cultivation is highly dependent on the amount of rainfall during the hot season (July, August). If the daytime temperature exceeds 30°c, it can adversely affect the cultivation. In the month of September, if there are one to two rainfalls, planting can begin from September 20th. In the absence of rain, planting can be delayed until mid-October. In the northern regions of Punjab, conditions become favorable for planting in September.
Approved Varieties of Peas
| Variety Name | Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Samrina Zard | Early Sown | This is an approved variety by the Department of Agriculture. Its plants are small but bushy, and each plant has two to three branches. The length of pod is 8.5cm. Each pod contains 7-8 seeds, but the seed size is small. It tolerates relatively late frost compared to Faisalabad. Its mature seeds are green in color and round in shape. Yield is 60-65 mounds per acre, but due to the light green color of the fruit and lower sweetness in the seeds, this variety is not very popular. |
| Sarsabz | Early/Late Sown | This is an approved variety by the Department of Agriculture. Its yield capacity is higher as compared to other varieties. Its pod is elongated and slightly curved. There are 7 to 10 seeds in its pod. The seeds of this variety are light green and slightly sweet. This variety has resistance against diseases and pests. It is suitable for both early and late sowing season. The yield capacity is 80-75 maunds per acre. |
| Matar-2009 | Early/Late Sown | This is an approved variety by the Department of Agriculture. Its pod is elongated and somewhat conical. There are 9-11 seeds in its pod. The seeds of this variety are light green and slightly sweet. This variety has strong resistance against diseases and pests. It is suitable for both early and late season. The yield capacity is 80-85 maunds per acre. |
| Matior Faislabad | Early Sown | This is an approved variety by the Department of Agriculture. The color of the plants is dark green. The length of the pod is 7 cm, and there are typically 7-8 seeds in each pod. The pod is green in color and somewhat berry-shaped from the front. When the seeds of this variety ripen, they are green in color and round in shape, but each seed has a small indentation, which is a distinctive feature of this variety. The yield capacity of this variety is 55-60 maunds per acre. |
Irrigation and Hoeing
The cultivation of peas typically begins in mid-September. In this case, it requires regular irrigation at weekly interval, but in winter season, the interval for irrigation can be increased. Seed purpose crop should be irrigated, when flowering and pod formation occur. Use of weedicides have been increased to eradicate weeds, but the importance of hoeing cannot be denied. Because it makes the soil softer and allows for increased oxygen, which results in faster plant growth. Conversely, the use of pesticides causes the soil surface to harden, which can hinder plant growth. While it may eliminate weeds, but it can negatively impact the overall development and growth of the plants.
Weeds Management
Common weeds such as Amaranth, Bathu, It sit, Jangli paalak, Mina, Sinji, Deela and Piaazi founds in peas. These weeds not only contribute to the nutrition, water, and light requirements of the crop but also spread diseases and pests. Spray Pendimethalin @ 1 liter per acre immediately after sowing for effective control of these weeds.
Fertilizer Management
- Peas crop requires nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N:P:K) in the ratio of 35:35:25 kilograms per acre.
- At the time of sowing, apply 1 bag of DAP and 1 bag of Potassium Sulfate per acre, and at flowering stage, add one bag of urea per acre. Use of Micronutrients can also increase the yield of peas.
- Use of potash 30% @ 500ml/acre in 100litr of water at flowering stage can also increase the yield.
Insect/Pest and their Management
Peas Leaf Miner
Larva of leaf miner create tunnel in leaves. Due to infestation loss of 10-15% is observed.
Chemical Control
Spray Bifenthrin 10% @ 330-400ml/acre in 100litr of water if infestation is observed.
Pea Thrips and Aphid
They suck cell saps leads to yellowing of crop and thus decreases yield of crop.
Control Measures
Spray Flonicamid 50% @ 60g/acre if aphid infestation is observed. In case of Thrips of attack spray Chlorfenapyre 36% SC @150ml/a.
Pod Borer
Pod borers are the most serious pests of pea. They bore flowers and pods, causing 10-90% losses, if left unprotected.
Control Measures
Spray Emamectin Benzoate + Chlorfluazuron 5% @ 350ml/acre in 100litr of water. Spray Flonicamid 50% @ 60g/acre if aphid infestation is observed. In case of Thrips of attack spray Chlorfenapyre 36% SC @150ml/a.
Diseases and their Management
Wilting
The roots turn black and the later rot away. Plant growth is stunted and discoloured, foliage turn yellow and downward curling of stipules and leaflets take place. The entire plant wilts and stem shrivels.
Chemical Control
Flood Thiophenate methyl 70% @ 1kg/acre OR Fosetyl aluminium 80% @ 1kg/acre.
Powdery Mildew
Patchy, White powdery growth appears on lower side of leaves, branches and pods. It parasitizes the plant using it as a food source. It can be developed at any stage of crop development. In severe infestation it causes defoliation.
Control Measures
Spray Pyraclostrobin + metiram 60% @ 600g/acre in 100litr of water OR Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole 75% @ 65g/acre in 100litr of water.
Harvesting
When the pods are filled with grains, at that time, carefully pick the ripe green pods. Some varieties require two pickings, while others need three pickings. Be cautious while picking to avoid damaging the plants. For local markets, picking should be done in the morning, whereas for distant markets, it can be done in the evening. Place the picked pods in clean bags to preserve their color and freshness.
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